APOLLONIUS RHODIUS: "ARGONAUTICA": BOOK I.
Introduction:
Beginning with you, (O) Phoebus, I will recall the famous deeds of men of old, who at the behest of king Pelias, drove the well-benched Argo through the mouth of Pontus and the Dark Rocks in quest of the golden fleece.
For such (was) the voice from heaven (that) Pelias heard that a hateful fate awaited him in the future, (namely) that he should be slain at the prompting of a man whom he should see coming from the people with but one sandal. And not long afterwards, in accordance with that utterance, Jason crossed the stream of wintry Anaurus (i.e. a river near Magnesia in Thessaly, flowing past Iolcus) on foot, and one sandal he saved from the mire, but the other he left there under water entangled in the flood. And he came up close to Pelias (to ask) that he might partake of the feast which he (i.e. Pelias) was offering to his father Poseidon and the rest of the gods, but he did not trouble himself with Pelasgian Hera. And straightway, he saw him and pondered, and he devised for him the prize of a troublesome voyage, so that on the sea and among strange men he might lose his way home.
Former bards extol the fact that Argus built the ship following the advice of Athena. But now I shall tell (you) the lineage and the names of the heroes, and of the long paths of the sea, and the deeds they wrought in their wanderings; and may the Muses be the inspirers of my song.
Now first let us remember Orpheus, whom Calliope herself once bore to Thracian Oeagrus, having lain (with him), it is said, near the Pimpleian high-spot. But (men) say that he enchanted the stubborn rocks upon the mountains and the course of the rivers by the music of his songs. And wild oak-trees, still tokens of that strain that grow at Zone on the Thracian shore, stand in rows close together in ordered ranks, (like those) which, charmed by his lyrics, he led right down from Pieria. Such then was Orpheus, (whom) Aeson's son (i.e. Jason) welcomed to assist (him) in his toils at the behest of Cheiron, (Orpheus that is,) the ruler of Bistonian Pieria.
Now, close at hand came Asterius, to whom Cometes gave birth by the waters of eddying Apidanus, (and) he lived at Peiresiae near the mountain of Phylleia, where mighty Apidanus and bright Enipeus bring both (their streams) together from afar.
Leaving Larisa to them, came Polyphemus, the son of Eilatus, who formerly fought in his younger days among the very mighty Lapiths, when the Lapiths were arming themselves against the Centaurs; now his limbs were already grown heavy (with old age), but his martial spirit still remained, even as (it was) in former days.
Nor was Iphiclus, the uncle of Aeson's son (i.e. Jason) long left behind in Phylace; for Aeson had married his sister Alcimede, the daughter of Phylacus; his relationship to her by marriage bade him be counted as a person of interest to the host.
Nor did Admetus, the lord of Pherae, abounding in good sheep, stay behind the peak of the Chalcedonian (i.e. bronze-peaked) mountain.
Ll. 51-104. The Argonauts are joined by many other renowned warriors, but not by Theseus and Peirithous, who are still beneath the ground.
Nor did the sons of Hermes, Erytus and Echion, rich in cornfields (and) well taught in craftiness, remain at Alope, and with them on their departure went their kinsman Aethalides (as) the third (one); Eupolemeia, the daughter of Myrmidon from Phthia, bore him near the streams of Amphyrsus, and the other two were born of Antianeira, daughter of Menetes. Leaving rich Gyrton, came Coronus, son of Caeneus, good but not better than his father. For bards relate that Caeneus, though still living, was overwhelmed by the Centaurs when he drove them back separately from the other chiefs; and they, being urged on against (him), did not have the strength to lean upon, or to kill, (him); but, unbroken and unflinching, he sunk beneath the earth, overwhelmed by sturdy pines falling down violently.
There too came Titaresian Mopsus, whom above all men the son of Leto (i.e. Apollo) taught the augury of birds; and also (came) Eurydamas, the son of Ctimenus; and he dwelt at Dolopian Ctimene near the Xynian lake. Furthermore, Actor sent his son Menoetius from Opus, so that he might go with the men who excelled in valour. Eurytion followed, and strong Erybotes, one the son of Teleon, and the other of Irus, the son of Actor; now the (son) of Teleon (was) the renowned Erybotes, and (the son) of Irus (was) Eurytion. A third (one) with (them) was Oileus, pre-eminent in valour, and well skilled in attacking (the enemy) from behind and slaying (them) when they broke their ranks.
Now from Euboea came Canthus, whom Canethus, son of Abas, sent eager (for the quest); but he was not destined to go back to Cerinthus on his return. For it was fated that he, together with Mopsus, knowing the art of divination, should wander and perish in the depths of Libya, for no evil (is) too remote for men to share, seeing that they buried them in Libya as far from the Colchians as (is the space) that is seen between the setting and the rising of the sun. To him Clytius and Iphitus joined themselves, the guardians of Oechalia (and) the sons of harsh Eurytus, to whom the Far-Shooter (i.e. Apollo) gave his bow; but he had no joy of the gift; for, of his own free will, he even strove with the donor.
The sons of Aeacus followed after them, but not both together, nor from the same spot; for in their exile they settled far from Aegina, when, in their folly, they had slain their brother Phocus. Telamon dwelt in the Attic island, but Peleus, on his departure began to dwell in a house on Phthia.
After them there came from Cecropia warlike Butes, the son of noble Teleon, and Phalerus with his good ashen spear. His father Alcon sent him forth; yet he had no other sons in his old age to care for his livelihood. But all the same he sent him who was his well-beloved and only son, so that among those bold heroes he might shine conspicuously. But an unseen bond kept Theseus, who surpassed all the sons of Erectheus (i.e. the men of Athens), beneath the ground at Taenarus (i.e. a place in Laconia, where there was said to be an entrance to the Underworld), having followed that path with Peirithous; assuredly both would have made easier for everyone the fulfilment of their toil.
Ll. 105-155. Names and details of further recruits to the body of the Argonauts.
Tiphus, son of Hagnias, left the Siphaean land of the Thespians, well-skilled (as he was) in foretelling the rising swell of the broad sea and well able to determine from the sun and the stars the stormy winds and the time to sail. Tritonian Athena (i.e. the Libyan lake Tritonis was the birthplace of Athena) herself bade him join the band of chiefs, and he came with (them) longingly. For she herself operated the swift ship; and with her Argus, son of Arestor, built (it) on her advice. Therefore, she proved to be the most excellent of all ships that have made trial of the sea with rowing.
Now after them came Phlias from Araethyrea, where he lived in affluence by the grace of his father Dionysus at his home by the springs of Asopus. From Argos came Talaus and Areius, the sons of Bias, and mighty Leodocus, whom Pero, daughter of Neleus (i.e. the father of Nestor), bore; and on her account Melampus, the son of Aeolus, endured sore affliction in the stables of Iphiclus (viz. Melampus stole the oxen of Iphiclus in order that his brother Bias might marry Pero). Nor do we learn that the mighty-hearted Heracles made light of the craving of Aeson's son (i.e. Jason). But, when he heard a report of the heroes' gathering, (and) had just reached Lyrceian Argos from Arcadia, on the road on which he carried alive the boar that fed in the glens of Lampeia near the vast Erymanthian swamp, he put him down bound with thongs from his huge shoulders at the market-place of Mycenae; and of his own will he set out himself without the knowledge of Eurystheus; and with him went Hylas, a brave companion in the flower of youth, (as) the bearer of his arrows and the guardian of his bow. Next to him came Nauplius, the offspring of divine Danaus. For he was was the son of Clytoneus, son of Naubolus; now Naubolus (was the son) of Lernus; now Lernus we know was the son of Proetus, son of Nauplius; now then, Amymone, daughter of Danaus, the girl (who had) lain with Poseidon, bore Nauplius, who greatly excelled all men in naval skills. Now, Idmon (i.e. the seer) came last (of all those) who dwelt at Argos, for, although he had learned his own fate by augury, he came lest the people might begrudge (him) fair renown. In truth, he was not the son of Abas, but Leto's son (i.e. Apollo) himself begat him to be numbered among the renowned sons of Aeolus; and he himself taught (the art of) prophecy and to pay heed to birds and to observe the signs of the sacrificial fire. Furthermore, Aetolian Leda called upon strong Polydeuces and Castor from Sparta to guide the steeds; these, her dearly beloved sons, she bore at one birth in the house of Tyndareus; nor did she forbid their departure; for she had thoughts worthy of the marriage-bed of Zeus. And the sons of Aphareus, Lynceus and proud Idas, came from Arene, both exulting in their great strength; and Lynceus also excelled with the sharpest eyes, if the report is true that this man could also easily gaze at (things) down beneath the earth.
Ll. 156-206. More would-be Argonauts appear, including the strong Meleager.
Then, Neleian Periclymenus set out to go with (them, he being) the eldest of the sons of godlike Neleus, who were born at Pylos; Poseidon had given him boundless strength and (granted that,) whatever he should pray (to be) in the fight, he should become this in the stress of battle. Moreover, Amphidamas and Cepheus came from Arcadia, (they) who dwelt in Tegea and the allotment of Apheidas, the two sons of Aleus; and Ancaeus followed after them as the third, (he) whom his father Lycurgus sent, a kinsman older than both (of them). But he (i.e. Lycurgus) was now left in the city, in order to care for Aleus, now growing old, while he sent his son (to join) his (i.e. Lycurgus') brothers (i.e. Amphidamas and Cepheus). And he went (clad in) the skin of a Maenalian bear, and wielding in his right hand a huge two-edged battle-axe. For his grandfather Aleus had hidden his armour in an innermost shed, (to see) if he might somehow stay his departure. And Augeias came also, (he) whom a heavenly voice (declared) to be the son of Helios; and he ruled over the men of Elea, glorying in his wealth; and he greatly wished to behold the Colchian land (and) Aeetes himself (as) the ruler of the Colchians. Asterius and Amphion, the sons of Hyperasius, came from Achaean Pellene, which their grandfather Pelles once founded on the cliff-tops of Aegialus (i.e. the coast). Now, leaving Taenarus after them came Euphemus, that most swift-footed of men, whom Europa, daughter of the most mighty Tityos, bore to Poseidon. That man was accustomed to skim the swell of the grey sea, and he did not wet his swift feet, but, moistening the tips of his toes, he was borne in the watery path.
Yes, and there came two other sons of Poseidon: indeed, one of them, Erginus, had left the citadel of glorious Miletus, and the other, the superbly strong Ancaeus, had left Parthenia, the seat of Imbrasian Hera (viz. the Imbrasus was a river on the island of Samos, also called Parthenia, where Hera was said to have been brought up as a maiden); and they both boasted of their skill in seamanship and in warfare.
Going after them from Calydon (i.e. the best known city of Aetolia) came the strong Meleager (viz. he it was who slew the Calydonian boar), the son of Oeneus, and Laocoon - Laocoon, the brother of Oeneus, though not by one mother; for a serving woman bore him (i.e. Laocoon). Now growing old, Oeneus sent him as the guardian of his son; thus, while still youthful, he made his way into the very confident band of heroes. No one else (who was) superior to him had come, in my view, except Heracles, if he had remained there for one year more and been nurtured among the Aetolians. Yes, and his uncle Iphiclus (i.e. he was the brother of Meleager's mother, Althaea), son of Thestius, well skilled at fighting with the javelin or hand to hand, accompanied him as he went on his way. And with (him came) Palaemonius, son of Lernos of Olenia (i.e. a town in the south of Aetolia), of Lernos in name only, as he was begat by Hephaestus; and for this reason he was crippled in the feet; but his stature and his valour no one would dare to scorn, and he was counted among all the chieftains fostering fame for Jason.
Ll. 207-259. As the ranks of the Argonauts are completed, the women pray that they may return home safely.
From the Phocians came Iphitus, sprung from Naubolus, the son of Ornytus; once he was his (i.e. Jason's) host when he went to Pytho (i.e. the original name of Delphi) to ask for prophecies concerning his voyage; for there he welcomed him in his own halls. Then came Zetes and Calais, the sons of Boreas (i.e. the North Wind), whom Oreithyia, daughter of Erechtheus, once bore to Boreas on the verge of wintry Thrace; there Thracian Boreas snatched her up and carried (her) off from Cecropia, as she was whirling in the dance along the banks of the Ilissus (i.e. a stream in Attica). And carrying her far off to the place that (men) call the rock of Sarpedon near a stream of the river Erginus (i.e. a tributary of the Hebrus in Thrace), he wrapped (her) in a dark cloud and overpowered (her) in the gloom. Then, they were making their dusky wings that gleamed with golden scales quiver around the bottom of their feet on both sides as they rose (from the ground), a great wonder to behold; and round their backs, from the top of the head and neck, their dark tresses were being shaken hither and thither among the blasts of the wind.
No, nor did Acastus, son of mighty Pelias himself earnestly desire to stay behind in his father's palace, and nor did Argus, the helper of the goddess Athena; but they too were ready to be numbered amongst the host. So many then were the fellow-councellors who assembled around the son of Aeson (i.e. Jason). These chiefs the dwellers round about called Minyae one and all, for most (of them) and the bravest (of them) avowed that they were (sprung) from the blood of the daughters of Minyas; thus, the mother (who) bore Jason himself was born of Clymene, the daughter of Minyas. Now, when everything had been made ready by the thralls, everything that is, (with which) readily equipped ships are furnished within, when their business led the warriors to sail across the sea, then they made their way to the ship through the city to the promontory which (men) call Magnesian Pagasae (i.e. the port of Pherae in Thessaly); then, a throng of people hastening rushed together like gleaming stars among the clouds; and each (man), as he saw (them) speeding along with their armour, would say: "King Zeus, what (is) the intention of Pelias? Whither is he driving forth from the land of Panachea (i.e. the whole of Greece) so great a host of heroes? On the self-same day he would destroy the palace of Aeetes with deadly fire, should he not yield (them) the fleece of his own free will. But the path is not to be shunned, but hard (is) the toil for those who go along (it)."
So he spoke here and there throughout the city; but the women raised their hands to the sky a great many times (in prayer) to the immortals to grant (them) the well-pleasing accomplishment of a return home. And one of them in tears lamented to another: "Wretched Alcimede, evil has come to you, however late (in life), nor have you ended your life in splendour. Aeson too, that most miserable (of men)! Surely it would have been better for him, if he were lying deep down in the earth, having been previously enveloped in his shroud, still unaware of (life's) bitter prizes. Would that the dark wave had overwhelmed Phrixus too, together with the ram, when the maiden Helle perished; but the dire portent sent forth a human voice, so that it might cause Alcimede sorrows and countless pains thereafter."
Ll. 260-316. Jason seeks to comfort his mother in her distress at his imminent departure.
Thus spoke the (women) at the departure of the voyagers. And now many thralls, men and women, were gathered together; and his (i.e. Jason's) mother (i.e. Alcimede) was stricken with grief for him. And a sharp pain made its way into every woman's (heart); and with them the father in deadly old age groaned as he lay enwrapped in his bed. But he (i.e. Jason) straightway soothed their pain, encouraging (them), and he bade the thralls take up his weapons of war; and in silence and with downcast eyes they took (them) up. And just as the mother had thrown her arms around her son, so she clung (to him) weeping quite loudly as a maiden all alone weeps, falling on (the neck of) her grisly nurse, (she) for whom there are now no others to take care of (her), but she leads a dreary life under her step-mother; and she struck her hard with many fresh rebukes, and, as she weeps, the heart within (her) is bound (fast) with wretchedness, nor can she check the utterance of such groans as quiver (within her); thus loudly did Alcimede weep as she held her son in her arms, and in her yearning she spoke the following words: "Would that on that day when I, wretched (woman that) I (am), heard King Pelias proclaim his evil behest, I straightway let go of my life, and forgot my cares, so that you yourself, my son, might have buried me with your own dear hands; for that was the only desire still left (to me) by you, but all the other rewards for rearing (you) I have long enjoyed. Now I, once (so) admired among Achaean (women), shall be left behind in my empty halls like a female slave, pining away, wretched (as I am) in my longing for you, on whose account I once had (so) much splendour and renown, my only (son), for whom I loosened my girdle for the first and last time (i.e. at the time of coition and at the point of delivery). For to me beyond (others), the goddess Eileithyia begrudged abundant offspring. Alas for my folly! Not once, not even in my dreams, did I forebode this, that the flight of Phrixus would cause me woe."
Thus moaning, she lamented; and her waiting-women, standing by, wept; but addressing her with comforting words, he (i.e. Jason) spoke as follows: "So do not, I pray you, overmuch, mother, store up bitter sorrows, for you will not keep evil in check by tears, but you may still add grief to griefs. For unforeseen (are) the woes (that) the gods mete out to mortals. Have the strength to bear your share of them, however much (is) the grief in your heart; and take courage from the solemn promises of Athena and the prophecies of the gods, for Phoebus (i.e. Apollo) has proclaimed very favourable (ones), and thereafter from the help of the chieftains. But do you now remain here in your house at ease with your handmaids, and not be a bird of ill-omen to the ship; and thither my clansmen and thralls will accompany me as I go on my way."
He spoke, and he started to go forward to leave the house. And, as Apollo goes forth from some fragrant shrine to most holy Delos or Claros (i.e. a small town in Ionia, sacred to Apollo) or Pytho, or to broad Lycia near the stream of Xanthus, so he went through the throng of people; and a cry went up, as they called out together. And the aged Iphias, priestess of Artemis, guardian of the city, met him and kissed him on the right hand, but she was not able to say anything, however much she longed to (do so), as the crowd rushed forward; but she was left there on one side, as the old are left by the younger, and he passed on into the distance.
Ll. 317-393. The Argonauts appoint Jason to lead them.
Now when he had left the well-built streets of the city, he came to the beach of Pagasae (i.e. in Thessaly), where his comrades greeted him kindly, as they stayed together near the ship. And there he stood at the entrance; and they gathered to meet (him). And they noticed Acastus and Argus together coming down away from the city, and they marvelled when they saw them pressing on with all speed despite the wishes of Pelias. Now one of them, Argus, son of Arestor, had cast around his shoulders the hide of a bull, black from its hair, reaching down to his feet; and the other one (had) a fair double-folded mantle, which his sister Pelopeia had sent him. But he (i.e. Jason) still forebore from asking them about each (point); and he bade them (go) to the place of assembly to sit together in council. And there they all took their seats in order one after another. And Aeson's son spoke among them in a kind-hearted manner: "All the ships' equipment seems to have been prepared - for everything (is) in good order - (and) it lies ready for our departure. Therefore, we shall not make any delay to our sailing for the sake of these things, when the winds alone will be blowing. But friends, - for our return to Hellas in the future (is a matter) common (to us all), and common to us (all) are our paths to (the land of) Aeetes - so now with an unsparing heart choose the best (of us to be) our front man, to whom all things will be of concern, to manage our disputes and our covenants with strangers."
So he spoke, and the young (men) glanced around them at bold Heracles sitting in their midst; and with one shout they all enjoined him to be their leader; but he, from the place where he still sat, stretched forth his right hand and said: "Let no one offer me this honour. For I shall not be persuaded (to agree to it); and so I will forbid anyone else to stand up. Let (the one) who brought us together, also be the leader of the host himself."
So he spoke, thinking highly, and they assented as Heracles bade (them); and warlike Jason himself rose up glad at heart, and spoke these (words) to his eager (colleagues): "If you entrust our glorious enterprise to my care, no longer may our path be hindered as indeed (it has been) before. Now let us propitiate Phoebus at this time with sacrifices, (and) straightway let us prepare a feast. And, when my thralls shall come, the overseers of my stables whose duty it is to chose oxen from the herd with care (and) drive (them) hither, then we shall drag the ship down to the sea, and do you place all the cables within (it), (and) cast lots for the oars attached to the (several) benches. Meanwhile, let us build upon the beach an altar to Apollo Embasius (i.e. the God of Embarkation), who has promised by means of an oracle to point out and show me the paths of the sea, if by my sacrifices to him I should initiate my struggle for the King (i.e. striving to fulfil the ordeal imposed by Pelias).
So he spoke, and turned to the work first; and they stood in obedience (to him); and they heaped up their closely woven garments on a smooth flat stone, which the sea did not strike with its waves, but the stormy sea-water had cleansed (it) long ago. Firstly, on the advice of Argus, they girded the ship in a masterly fashion, with a well-twisted rope from within, stretching (it tight) on each side, in order that the planks might be well joined together by their bolts and might withstand the opposing force of the surge. And they quickly dug a trench as wide as the space (the ship) covered, and at the prow as far into the sea as it would run when drawn by their hands. And they dug ever deeper in front of the stern, and laid hewn logs of wood in the furrow. And they laid the ship down on the first logs of wood, so that she might be borne on them as she slid. And on high here and there, they reversed the oars and fastened (them) around the thole-pins, so as to project a cubit's space (in front of them). And they themselves stood one by one on both sides of the (oars) and pushed forward with chest and hands together. And then Tiphis leapt on (board) to urge the young men to push at the right moment; and, calling (on them), he shouted very loudly; and they at once, leaning with all their strength, drove (the ship) from the depths of her sitting-place, and they strained with their feet as they forced (her); and the Pelian Argo followed very swiftly; and on each side they shouted as they rushed on. And then the rollers groaned under the sturdy keel (as they were) rubbed, and around them dark smoke burst forth due to the weight and she slipped into the sea; but, as she sped forward, they kept pulling her back again. And they fitted the oars around the thole-pins; and in the (ship) they placed the mast and the well-made sails and their allotted sustenance.
Ll. 394-447. Jason prays to Apollo.
Now, when they had carefully taken heed of everything, firstly they distributed the benches by lot, with two men occupying one (seat); but the middle (one) they chose for Heracles and Ancaeus apart from the other heroes, (Ancaeus being the one) who dwelt in the citadel of Tegea. For them alone they left the middle bench just as it was, and not by lot; and they agreed to entrust Tiphus with the guarding of the well-keeled helm. Next, piling up shingle again near the sea, there on the shore they raised an altar to Apollo, with the name of Actius (i.e. God of the Shore) and Embasius (i.e. God of Embarkation); and they quickly spread above (it) logs of dry olive-wood. Now, in the meantime, the herdsmen of Aeson's son (i.e. Jason) had driven two bulls before them from the herd. These the younger of their comrades dragged near the altar. And then the others brought holy water and coarsely ground barley. And then Jason began to pray, calling upon Apollo, the god he inherited from his father: "Hear, (O) King who dwells in Pagasae (i.e. the location of Apollo's temple in Thessaly) and the city of Aesonis, named after my father, you who did promise, when I came to your oracle at Pytho, to show me the outcome and goal of my journey, for you were responsible for my venture. Now do you yourself lead my ship with my colleagues back here to Hellas safe and sound. Then afterwards in your honour we will lay again on the altar, all of us, that is, who may return, the bright offerings of bulls; and countless gifts I will bring, some to Pytho and others to Ortygia. And now come, Far-Shooter (i.e. an epithet of Apollo), and accept this sacrifice, which we have offered you first of all in gratitude for the embarkation of this ship. And (grant O) King, that with a propitious wind I may loosen the cables, (relying) on your counsel; and may a gentle breeze blow, with which we may sail over the seas in calm weather."
He spoke, and cast the barley-meal together with his prayer. And the two (of them), proud Ancaeus and Heracles, girded themselves to slay the bulls. Now, the latter with his club smote (one of them) on the brow in the middle of its forehead, and, falling there in a heap, it sank to the ground. And Ancaeus struck the broad neck of the other (one) with his axe of bronze and cut in pieces its mighty sinews; and it fell sprawling on to both of its horns. Then, their comrades quickly cut their throats and flayed their hides, chopped off (their limbs) and carved (their flesh), and cut out their sacred thigh bones, and, covering them all closely together, they burnt (them) with fat upon pieces of cloven wood; and the son of Aeson poured out pure libations, and Idmon rejoiced as he beheld the flame gleaming from the sacrifice in all directions and with its smoke shooting up ominously in dark spiral (columns); and quickly he spoke outright the will of Leto's son (i.e. Apollo): "For you (it is) the will and the wish of the gods that you should pass right through here bearing the fleece; but, in the meantime, (whether) you are going (or) coming back, countless trials (await you). But for me it has been fated by the hateful decree of a god to die somewhere afar off on the mainland of Asia. So, even though I have learned my fate before now from evil omens, I have left my fatherland to embark on the ship, and after my embarking may fair fame be left in my house."
Ll. 448-511. Orpheus sings of how the world was formed.
So he spoke; and the youths, hearing the divine utterance, rejoiced at (the thought of) their return, but grief took hold of them for the fate of Idmon. Now, at the time when the sun goes past his daily halt, and the ploughlands are being overshadowed by the rocky crags, as the sun inclines towards the evening dusk, so then at that hour they all spread leaves thickly upon the sands (of the sea-shore, and) lie down in rows at the front of the hoary beach; and near them were laid vast stores of food, and sweet wine (which) the cup-bearers (had) drawn off in pitchers; and afterwards they told tales to one another in turn, such as youths often happily amuse themselves with at the feast and the wine-bowl, when insatiable insolence is far away. But here the son of Aeson (i.e. Jason) was brooding helplessly within himself about each (event) like one downcast in his mind. Then, Idas noticed him and upbraided him in a loud voice: "Son of Aeson, what (is) this plan (that) you are revolving in your mind? Speak out your thoughts in the midst of us! Is fear coming to overpower you, (that fear) which confounds impotent men? Now do you recognise my impetuous spear, with which I win renown in wars far beyond (all) others, nor is Zeus indebted to me as much as (he is) to my spear, so that no woe will be fatal, no venture unfulfilled while Idas is following, even if a god should oppose (you). Such a helper am I that you bring from Arene (i.e. the mother of Idas).
He spoke, and, holding the brimming goblet on both sides, he drank the unmixed sweet wine; and his lips and dark cheeks were drenched with wine; and they all clamoured together and Idmon spoke out openly: "(You) wretched (man), you are devising destruction for yourself and before your time. Does the pure wine cause your bold heart to swell to your ruin, and set you up to dishonour the gods? There are other consoling words with which a man might encourage his comrade; but you have spoke entirely reckless (ones), such (taunts) as it is said that the sons of Aloeus (i.e. Otos and Ephialtes) once blurted out against the blessed (gods), and you do not vie in any way with them in valour; nevertheless, they were slain by the swift arrows of the son of Leto (i.e. Apollo), mighty though they were."
Thus he spoke; and Idas, the son of Aphareus, laughed out loud and long, and, eyeing him (i.e. Idmon) askance, he replied with stinging words: "Come now tell me this by means of your prophetic skill, whether the gods will bring to pass for me such a doom as your father granted to the sons of Aloeus. And think how you will escape safe and sound from my hands, if you shall be caught delivering a vain prophecy."
(So) he reproached (him) in his wrath; and the strife would have been taken further, if their comrades and Aeson's son himself had not restrained (them) by upbraiding (them) as they quarrelled; and Orpheus also lifted his lyre in his left hand and endeavoured to sing. And he sang how the earth and the heaven and the sea were mingled together in one form after each in their deadly strife were separated one from another; and how the stars ever kept their fixed place firmly in the sky, and how the resounding rivers with their nymphs and all creeping things came into being. And he sang how first of all Ophion and Eurynome, the daughter of Ocean, held sway over snowy Olympus; and how through the strength of his arm, one gave away his prerogatives to Cronus, and the other to Rhea, and (how) they fell into the waves of Ocean; but, in the meantime, the other two ruled over the blessed Titan gods, while Zeus, still a child, and still with the thoughts of a child in his mind, dwelt in the Dictaean grotto; and the earthborn Cyclopes had not yet given him possession of the thunderbolt, and thunder and lightning; for these (things) give Zeus his renown.
Ll. 512-579. The Argo sets off.
He finished singing, and he checked his lyre together with his divine voice. But, although he had entirely ceased, they all bent their heads forward together, with their ears still at rest intent upon the enchanting (strain); such a charming song had he left behind in their (hearts). Not long afterwards they mixed libations in honour of Zeus, being made to stand, as is the custom, (and) poured (them) upon their burning tongues, and were mindful of sleep in accordance with the darkness.
Now, when the gleaming Dawn with her bright eyes beheld the lofty peaks of Pelion, and the calm headlands were being drenched, as the sea was ruffled by the wind, then Tiphys awoke from sleep; and at once he roused his comrades to go aboard the ship and make ready the oars. And the harbour of Pagasae uttered a strange cry, and even Pelian Argo herself, urging (them) to go forward. For in her a divine beam had been laid, which Athena (had brought) from an oak of Dodona (and) fitted in the middle of the stem. And they went to the benches in a row one after another, as they had previously been assigned to row (each man) in his place, and they took their seats in good order near their fighting gear. And in the middle sat Anchaeus and the mighty-chested Heracles; and near him he laid his club, and beneath his feet the ship's keel sank deep; and now the cables were being stretched and they poured wine on the sea. But Jason in tears kept his eyes away from his fatherland. And, just as youths arrange a dance in honour of Phoebus either in Pytho, or perhaps in Ortygia or by the waters of Ismenus, they beat the earth with their swiftly-moving feet to the sound of the lyre (all) together in time round the altar; so they to (the sound of) Orpheus' lyre smote the boisterous sea-water with their oars, and the surge broke over (their blades); and on this side and on that side the dark brine gushed with foam, boiling terribly through the might of the sturdy heroes. And their armour shone in the sun like flame as the ship sped onwards; long pathways ever gleamed white like a path seen over a green plain. And on that day all the gods looked down from heaven (on) the ship and the might of the half-divine heroes, the bravest of men then sailing upon the sea; and on the topmost heights the nymphs of Pelion wondered as they beheld the work of Itonian Athena, and also the heroes themselves wielding the oars in their hands. And theere came down from the mountain-top near the sea, Chiron, son of Philyra, and, where the white surf broke, he dipped his feet, and frequently waving (at them) with his broad hand, he called out (to them) on their departure of his hopes for their return home without sorrows. And with him his wife (i.e. Chariclo) bearing Peleus' son, Achilles, upon her arm, showed (him) to his dear father.
Now, when they had left behind the curving headland of the harbour, through the cunning and counsel of prudent Tiphys, the son of Hagnias, who skilfully managed the well-polished rudders, so that he might firmly guide (them), then they set up the tall mast in the cross-plank and secured (it) with forestays, tightening (them) up on each side, and from it they let down the sail-cloth, having hauled (it) to the top of the mast. Now, a shrill breeze came down upon (them); and they threw ropes around the well-planed pins on the decks, (and) ran quietly past the long Tisaean headland. And for them the son of Oeagrus (i.e. Linus) played upon his lyre and sang in a well-made song of Artemis, the protector of ships and the child of a glorious sire, who has in her keeping (and) goes all around those peaks by the sea and the land of Iolcos; and the fishes came darting through the deep sea, the great mixed with the small, (and) they followed skipping along the watery paths. And, as when in the tracks of the herdsman countless sheep that have been fed to the full with grass, follow (him) to the fold, and he goes ahead gaily playing his shepherd's strain on his shrill pipe, so these (fishes) come together; and a following breeze ever bore the (ship onwards).
Ll. 580-639. The women of Lemnos fear the sight of the Argo.
And at once the misty land of the Pelasgians, rich in cornfields, sank (out of sight), and ever speeding onwards they sailed past the rugged peaks of Pelion; and the Sepian hill-top sank away and Sciathus appeared in the sea, and there appeared in the distance Piresiae and the calm promontory of Magnesia and the tomb of Dolops on the mainland; so here they put in to land one evening with the wind blowing against (them), and at nightfall they burnt pieces of sheep in honour of him (i.e. Dolops), while the sea was stirred by the swell; and for two days they took their rest on the shore; but on the third (day) they sent the ship forward, spreading aloft the vast sail. (Men) still call that beach the Aphetae (i.e. the Starting Point) of the Argo.
And then, going forward, they ran past Meliboea, where they beheld the beach and the stormy sea-shore. And in the morning they saw Homole close at hand, and they lay down by the sea and measured (its depth); and not long afterwards they were about to pass by the streams of the river Amyrus. And from here they beheld Eurynomae and the stormy clefts of Ossa and Olympus; and then they reached the slopes of Pallene, beyond the headland of Canastra, running all night with the wind blowing. And, as they journeyed early in the morning, Athos, the Thracian mountain, rose up before (them), which with its topmost peak overshadows Lemnos even as far as Myrine, although it lies as far off as a serviceable merchant-ship would travel up to midday. But for them on that very day a fair wind blew exceedingly strongly right up until darkness, and the sails of the ship strained (to it). But at the same time as the setting of the sun the wind left (them, and it was) by oars (that) they reached the rugged Sintian (island) of Lemnos.
Here all (the men) of the people had been ruthlessly slain by the transgressions of the women in the year gone by. For the men had rejected their lawful wives whom they loathed, and had conceived a fierce desire for the captive (maids), whom they themselves had brought across (the sea) from their ravages in Thrace; for the terrible wrath of Cypris pursued (them), because for too long they had not given (her any) gifts of honour. O wretched (women), insatiate in jealousy to their own sorrow. They did not slay their husbands alone with their (captive maidens) on account of the marriage-bed, but all those born male at the same time, so that afterwards they might not have to pay recompense for the grim murder. And of all (the women) Hypsipyle spared her aged father Thoas, who ruled over the people; and she sent him in a hollow ark, to drift over the sea, if he should escape. And fishermen dragged him forward to the island of Oenoe, but afterwards it was called Sicinus, from Sicinus, whom the water-nymph Oenoe bore to Thoas, (whom) she had lain with. Now it was easier for all the (women) to herd the cattle, to don bronze armour, and to cleave the wheat-bearing fields (with a plough-share), (than to perform) the works of Athena (i.e. spinning and weaving), with which they were ever busy in the past. But, for all that, they did often gaze with their eyes over the broad sea in grievous fear that the Thracians were coming. So, when they saw the Argo was being rowed near the island, they straightway assembled outsdie the gates of Myrine, (and) clad in their battle-armour they poured forth to the beach like ravenous Bacchantes; for they deemed that the Thracians were certainly present; and together with them Hypsipyle, the daughter of Thoas, was clad in her father's armour. And they streamed forth, speechless with distress; such fear was wafted about them.
Ll. 640-696. Polyxo advises the women of Lemnos to hand over control of their affairs to the Argonauts.
Meanwhile, from the ship the chiefs had sent Aethalides, the swift herald, to whose care they entrusted their messages and the wand of his father Hermes, who granted him an imperishable memory of all (things); and not even now, though he has kept aloof from the unforetold whirlpools of Acheron (i.e. a river of the Underworld), has forgetfulness swept over his soul; but its fixed fate is ever to be decreed in turn, at one time to be counted among those dwelling beneath the earth, (and) at another (to be) in the light of the sun among living men. But why do I need to tell lengthy stories of Aethalides? At that time he persuaded Hypsipyle to receive (those) arriving as day was turning into darkness; nor yet at dawn did they loosen the ship's cables to the breath of the north wind. Now the women of Lemnos went across the city and sat down at the place of assembly; for Hypsipyle had (so) bidden (them). And, when they were all gathered together in one great throng, at once did she speak among them with these stirring (words): "O friends, come let us grant agreeable gifts to these men, such as it is fitting that should take on board a ship, food and sweet wine, so that they should remain steadfastly outside our towers, and not pursue us in accordance with their need, and get to know (us) all too well, and an evil report may come to many (of them); for we have wrought a dreadful deed, and it will not be to their liking in any way at all, if they should learn (of it). Such is our counsel now piling up beside (you); but if anyone of you can devise another plan (that is) better, let her arise; for I summoned you hither for this reason."
So she spoke, and sat upon her father's stone seat; and then her dear nurse Polyxo got up, limping upon her feet (that were) withered with old age, (and) propped up on a staff, and she was eager to address (them). And near her, crowned with white hair (as she was), sat four unwedded virgins. And she stood in the midst of the assembly, and from her bent back she raised her neck a little with difficulty, and spoke thus: "Let us send gifts to the strangers, as indeed it is pleasing to Hypsipyle, since (it is) better to grant (them). But as for you, what plan (do you have) to reap the benefits of life, if the Thracian host, or some other foe, should fall upon (us), (something) which often happens among men? Just as even now this throng has arrived unforeseen. But, if one of the blessed (gods) should turn this aside, yet countless further woes of battle remain, when the aged women should perish, and (you) younger (ones) without children should come to hateful old age. How then will you live, (you) most miserable (of people)? Will your oxen yoke themselves of their own accord for the deep plough-lands, (and) draw the earth-cleaving plough-share through the fallow, and forthwith, as the year is accomplished, reap the harvest? Even if until now the fates have caused me to shudder with fear, I deem that perhaps in the coming year I shall nevertheless put on earth (as a garment, when) I have received my share of funeral gifts, as it is right before the evil (days) draw near. But I bid (you who are) younger give this your whole attention. For now at your feet there is a means of escape, if you should entrust to the strangers the care of your homes and all your stock, and your glorious city."
Ll. 697-746. Hypsipyle sends Iphinoe to invite Jason to visit Lemnos.
So she spoke; and the assembly was filled with clamour. For her speech was pleasing to them. Then after her, Hypsipyle rose up again straightway, and spoke these suggestive words: "If this eager idea is pleasing to (you) all, I shall send a messenger to the ship."
So she spoke, and addressed Iphinoe (who) was quite close at hand: "Encourage me, Iphinoe, and meet yonder man, whoever (it is) that leads this array that has come to our (land), so that I may tell him some words (that are) pleasing to my people; and do you bid (the men) themselves, if they wish, boldly enter the land and the city with goodly intent."
She spoke, and broke up the assembly, and then started to return to her (home). And so Iphinoe came to the Minyans (i.e. the people of Boeotian Orchomenos); and they asked for what purpose she was minded to cone among (them). And quickly did she address these questioners with all speed in these words: "The maiden Hypsipyle, daughter of Thoas, has sent me here on my way to you to summon the captain of your ship, whoever he may be, that she may tell him a word that is pleasing to her people; and she bids (you) yourselves, if you wish (it), now to enter the land and the city at once with goodly intent."
So then she spoke; and her seemly speech was pleasing to everyone. And they thought that Thoas was dead and that his darling daughter Hypsipyle was queen; and they quickly sent him (i.e. Jason) on his way, and they themselves got ready to go as well. Now, he had buckled around his shoulders a double-folded purple mantle, the work of the Tritonian goddess, which Pallas had given him, when she first laid down the keel-props of the ship Argo, and taught (him how) to measure timbers with a carpenter's rules. You could have cast your eyes more easily upon the sun at its rising than behold that blaze of redness. For indeed in the middle it was made of a red (substance), but its highest points were all purple; and at each end many separate devices had been skilfully interwoven.
On (it) were the Cyclopes, seated at their imperishable work, forging a thunderbolt for King Zeus; by now it had been made to shine very brightly, but still it was lacking one ray only, which they were beating with their iron hammers, as it spurted forth a breath of raging flame
In (it) too were Amphion and Zethus, the twin sons of Antiope, the daughter of Asopus; and Thebe, still ungirt with towers, was lying hard by, whose foundations they were just then laying in their eagerness. Zethus was lifting up on to his shoulder the peak of a steep mountain, like a hard-toiling (man); and after him there came Amphion, singing in a loud clear voice on his golden lyre, and a rock twice as large followed in his footsteps. Next in order worked Cytherea (i.e. Aphrodite) with her thick tresses, wielding the swift shield of Ares; and from her shoulder to her left arm the fastening of her tunic was loosened from beneath her breast; and opposite on the shield of bronze her image appeared to view exactly as (she stood).
Ll. 747-833. Hysipyle welcomes Jason.
And in (it) there was a bush-ridden pasturage of oxen; and around the oxen the Teleboans and the sons of Electryon were fighting; the former (were) defending themselves, but the others, the Taphian pirates, were longing to rob (them); and the dewy meadow was drenched with their blood, and the larger force was overpowering the few herdsmen. And in (it) were shaped two chariots in a racing contest. Now, Pelops was directing the front one, (by) shaking the reins, and with him was Hippodameia, standing by his side; and Myrtilus drove his steeds in pursuit of him, and with him Oenomaus had grasped hold of his forward-stretching spear in his hand, but he fell as the axle swerved and broke in the nave, as he was trying to stab Pelops in the back.
And in (it) was wrought Phoebus Apollo, a stripling not yet fully grown, shooting at mighty Tityos, who was boldly dragging his mother by the veil, (he) whom glorious Elare bore, but Earth nursed (him) and brought (him) forth once more.
And in (it) was Phrixus the Minyan, as though he were genuinely listening to the ram, while it was like (one) speaking. Seeing them, you would be silent, and you would beguile your soul with the hope of hearing some shrewd speech from them, and long would you gaze with that hope.
Such then were the gifts of the Tritonian goddess Athena. And he (i.e. Jason) held in his right-hand the far-darting spear, which Atalanta had once put in his hand at Maenalus , having gladly met (him); for she eagerly desired to follow down that track; but he himself, of his own accord, restrained the maiden, for he feared bitter strife on account of her love. And he went on his way to the city, like (it was) a bright star, which nymphs shut up in newly-built chambers, behold, as it rises above their homes, and through the dark atmosphere it charms their eyes with its fair red gleam, and the maiden rejoices as she longs for the unmarried youth (who) is (far away) among strange men, for whom her parents are keeping her (to be) his bride; like that (star) the hero went on his way to the city. And, when they had come inside the gates and the city, the women surged behind (them) delighting in the stranger; but he, with his eyes fixed on the ground, went on regardless of the consequences unto he reached the glorious palace of Hypsipyle; and, when he appeared, the handmaids opened the double-folding doors, fitted with well-fashioned panels.
Here Iphinoe, leading him eagerly through a fair porch, sat him down upon a shining seat opposite her mistress; but she (i.e. Hypsipyle) turned her eyes aside and covered her maidenly cheeks with a blush; yet, for all her modesty, she addressed him with wily words: "Stranger, why do you linger for so long staying outside our towers? For the city is not inhabited by men, but they (as) sojourners plough the wheat-bearing fields of the Thracian mainland. And I shall speak infallible truths about our evil plight, so that you yourselves may also know (it) well. When my father Thoas reigned over the citizens, then our folk, starting from their homes, used to plunder from their ships the dwellings of the Thracians who live opposite, and they brought back hither boundless booty (and) maidens as well; but the counsel of the baneful goddess Cypris, who brought them soul-destroying mischief. For they hated their lawfully-wedded wives, and, giving way to their mad folly, drove (them) from their homes; and, in their cruelty, they slept beside the captives of their spears. For a long time we endured (this), in the hope that they might at last change their minds; and the bitter misery grew ever two-fold. For legitimate children were being dishonoured in their halls, and a bastard race was rising. And so, unmarried maidens and widowed mothers with them wandered uncared for through the citadel. No father heeded his daughter ever so little, even if he should see (her) cleaved asunder before his eyes at the hands of a presumptuous step-mother; nor did his sons defend their mother against an unseemly outrage, as (they did) in the past; nor was a sister an object of concern in their hearts for her brothers. But the plundered maidens were alone in their thoughts in their homes, and in the dance, and in the assembly and at the feasts; (that is) until some god put desperate courage in our (hearts, so that we should) no longer receive within our towers (these men) on their return from Thrace, so that they might either take account of what is right, or depart and go elsewhere together with their captives. And so they begged (us) for (all) those born as boys that were left as a group in the citadel, (and) they went back to where even now they still dwell in the snowy corn-fields of Thrace. So, do you stay and live with us! And if you should wish to dwell here, and this is pleasing to you, then you will certainly have the prerogative of my father Thoas; and I do not think that you will find any fault with our land; for (it is) very fruitful beyond (all) other islands that are situated in the Aegaean sea. But come now, return to your ship and relate my words to your comrades, and do not stay outside our city."
Ll. 834-887. Heracles rebukes the Argonauts for lingering too long in Lemnos.
She (i.e. Hypsipyle) spoke, glossing over the act of murder that had been wrought upon the men; and he (i.e. Jason) spoke to her in answer: "Hypsipyle, very pleasing (to our hearts will be) the aid we shall meet with, which you grant to us who need you. And I will return again to the city, when I have told everything in due order. But let the sovereignty of the island be a matter of concern to yourself; I do not give (it) away lightly, but grievous trials urge me on."
He spoke, and quickly touched her right hand; and quickly did he go on his way back, and countless numbers of young maidens danced around him on all sides in their joy, until he passed through the gates. And then they came to the shore in quick-moving carriages, bearing (with them) many gifts, when now he had related from beginning to end the whole of the speech, which Hypsipyle had spoken when she summoned (them); and they (i.e. the young maidens) readily led the (men) to their homes to be entertained. For Cypris aroused in (them) a sweet desire for the grace of Hephaestus of many counsels, so that Lemnos might once more be inhabited by men once again (and) not defiled.
So, the son of Aeson began to go to the royal home of Hypsipyle; and the rest went each his own way, as chance took (them), except Heracles, for he, of his own will, was left behind by the ship, and a few comrades were set apart (with him). Straightway, the city rejoiced with dances and banquets, being filled with sacrificial steam; and above (all) the other immortals they propitiated with songs and sacrifices the illustrious son of Hera (i.e. Hephaestus) and Cypris herself as well. And there was ever a putting off of the voyage from one day to another; and long would they have lingered there at rest, if Heracles, gathering together his comrades, apart from the women, had not addressed them reproachfully with these words: "(You) wretched (men), does the blood of a kinsman keep us from our native-land? Or (is it) through want of marriage that we have come here from there, finding fault with the women of our country? And does it please (us) to dwell here (and) divide the rich soil of Lemnos (between us)? We shall not win true renown by being cooped up thus for so long; nor will some god seize and give (us) at our prayer a fleece that moves of itself. Let us then return, each to his own; but do you let him (i.e. Jason) (live) all day long in the bedrooms of Hypsipyle, until he has populated Lemnos with boys who are his offspring, and great glory comes to him."
Thus did he chide the throng; but no one dared to met his eyes, or to give (him) an answer; but without more ado they made ready to depart in all haste from the assembly. And the women came running towards them, when they knew their intent. And, as when bees buzz around fair lilies, swarming forth from their hive in the rock, and all around the dewy meadow rejoices, and they pluck the sweet fruit, flitting from one to another, just so did the women pour forth around the men with loving care, uttering loud laments, and they greeted each one with hands and voices, praying to the blessed (gods) to grant (him) a safe return. And so did Hypsipyle also pray, seizing the hands of Aeson's son, and her tears flowed for the loss of her departing (lover):
Ll. 888-960. The Argonauts reach the Hellespont.
"Go, and may the gods bring you back again unharmed, thus bearing the golden fleece to the king, as you wish and as you desire in your heart. And this island and my father's sceptre will be in your possession, if when you return you should choose to come back here again. And easily could you gather to yourself a countless host (of men) from other cities; but you will not desire this, nor do I myself foresee that it will be so. Still do you remember Hypsipyle when you are far away, and then when you have returned; and leave me some word (of bidding), which I shall gladly accomplish, if the gods shall perhaps grant me to give birth."
And Aeson's son replied to her in admiration: "Hypsipyle, may you prove all these (things to be) so propitious by the favour of the blessed (gods); but do you hold a nobler thought of me, since by virtue of Pelias (it is) enough for me to dwell in my native-land; may the gods only release me from my toils. But, if, having sailed afar, it is not given to me to return to the land of Hellas, and you should give birth to a male child, send him, (when he has) reached manhood, to Pelasgian Iolcus, (as) a cure for the grief of my father and mother, if he should find them still living, so that, apart from the king, they may be cared for by the hearth in their own home."
He (i.e. Jason) spoke, and got into the ship first of all; and so the other chiefs followed; and, sitting in order, they seized the oars in their hands; and for them Argus loosed the stern-ropes from under the sea-beaten rock; thereupon they smote the water impetuously with their long oars. And in the evening, by the injunctions of Orpheus, they came ashore at the island of Electra, daughter of Atlas (i.e. Samothrace), so that, by gentle initiation, they might learn the unspoken rites, (so) they might sail quite safely over the icy-cold sea. Of these I will now make no further mention; but, nevertheless, may the island itself be glad, and the indwelling deities to whom belong those mysteries about which (is is) not lawful for me to sing. And from there they went by rowing over the depths of the Black Sea, (and) they had the land of the Thracians on one side, and on the further side Imbros to the north; and, as the sun was just setting, they reached the foreland of the Chersonesus. There a swift south wind blew for them, and raising their sails to the breeze they entered the swift streams (viz. the currents of the Hellespont) of the maiden daughter of Athamas (i.e. Helle); and at dawn the sea to the north, and was left behind, and at night they were coasting along inside the Rhoetian headland (viz. a rocky headland north of Troy), with the land of Ida on their right. And, leaving Dardania behind, they directed their course to Abydus, and after it (i.e. Abydus) they passed by Percote and the sandy beach of Abarnis and sacred Pityeia (viz. the old name for Lampsacus). And that in the night the ship sped on in two ways (i.e. by sails and oars) right through the Hellespont (that was) heaving with eddies. There is a lofty island within the Propontis, a short distance from the Phrygian mainland with its many cornfields, sloping down to the sea, (where) an isthmus sloping downwards is flooded by the waves, so low does it lie; and in it (there are) double shores, and they lie beyond the river Aesepus. Those living thereabouts call it the Mount of Bears; and insolent and fierce Earthborn (men) dwell there, a great marvel for dwellers roundabout to behold. For each one (has) six mighty hands to lift up, two of them from his sturdy shoulders and four of them from below, fitted close to his dreadful sides. And around the isthmus and the plain the Dolian people dwelt; and over (them) Cyzicus, the son of the hero Aeneus was king, (he) to whom Aenete, daughter of the goodly Eusorus gave birth. But these (men), fearful though they were, the Earthborn (monsters) in no way harried, due to the succour of Poseidon; for from him had the Doliones first sprung. From there the Argo pressed on, driven by the winds of Thrace, and the Fair harbour received (her) as she sped. There they set free a small stone at the suggestion of Tiphys (and) left (it) beneath a fountain, beneath the fountain of Artacius; and they took another, which was fit for their purpose, a heavy (one); according to the oracle of the Far-Darter (i.e. Apollo), the sons of Neleus afterwards laid (it as) a sacred stone, as was right in (the temple) of Jasonian Athena.
Ll. 961-1011. The Earthborn (men) are slain by Heracles.
Now the Doliones and Cyzicus himself all came to meet them with friendliness, when they learned of their quest and their lineage, and they welcomed (them) with hospitality, and persuaded them to go further in their rowing (and) to fasten their ship's ropes at the town's harbour. Here they built an altar to Ecbasian Apollo (i.e. the god of disembarcation or landing), and set it up on the beach and took care of sacrifices. And the king himself gave them sweet wine together with sheep in their need; for he had heard a report that whenever a godlike band of heroic men should come, straightway he should meet it gently, and have no thought of war. Like (Jason) the down was sprouting on his (chin), nor yet had it been his lot to rejoice in children; but in his palace his wife was still unaffected by the pangs of child-birth, the fair-haired Cleite (that is), the daughter of Percosian Merops, whom he had recently brought from her father's house from the mainland opposite on the basis of divinely sweet wedding gifts. But even so he left his chamber and the bed of his young wife (and) prepared a banquet among all of them, and cast (all) fear from his heart. And they questioned one another in turn; now from them he would learn the purpose of their voyage, and the injunctions of Pelias; and they enquired about the cities of the people roundabout (them) and all of the wide gulf of the Propontis; but further he could not tell (them), despite their desire to learn. And in the morning they climbed mighty Dindymon, so that they themselves might behold the (various) ways of crossing that sea; and they rowed their ship from its former anchorage to the harbour called Chytus; and the path which they trod is called Jasonian to this day.
But the Earthborn (men) on the other side rushed down from the mountain, (and) with crags beneath (it) they blocked up the mouth of the vast Chytus (facing) the sea, like (men) who are lying in wait for a wild beast within. But (they did not succeed), for Heracles had been left there with the younger warriors, and he quickly stretched his bent-back bow (and) brought (them) to the ground one after another; and they in turn raised jagged rocks and hurled (them). For methinks the goddess Hera, bride of Zeus, had nurtured these dread monsters to be a trial for Heracles. And with (her) came the rest of the warlike heroes returning to meet (the foe) before they reached the look-out place and they fell to the slaughter of the Earthborn, receiving (them) with arrows and also with spears, until they slew (them) all, as they rushed hastily against (them). And, as when woodcutters cast in a row upon the beach long trees just hewn down by their axes, so that once sodden with brine they may hold up the strong bolts, so these (monsters) lay stretched out one after another at the entrance of the foam-fringed harbour, some bending their heads and breasts in heaps into the salty water and with their limbs spread out on the dry land above; and the others on the contrary were resting their heads on the sands of the shore, and their feet in the depths (of the water), both being a prey to birds and fishes alike.
Ll. 1012-1077. Cyzicus, the king of the Doliones, is killed in error.
But the heroes, when their fearless contest was over, then loosed the ship's cables to the breath of the wind, (and) went on forward through the swell of the sea. And the (ship) sped onwards under sail all day long; but, when night came, the rushing wind did not stand steadfast, but contrary winds violently held (them) back, until they again approached the hospitable Doliones, and they came ashore that same night; and that rock is still called sacred, around which they threw the ship's cables when they had been driven hither. Nor did anyone circumspectly notice that it was the same island; nor in the night did the Doliones clearly perceive that the heroes were coming back again; but they thought that the Pelasgian warriors of the Macrians appeared to have come in to land. And so they donned their armour (and) raised their hands against them. And with spears and shields they fell upon one another like the swift rush of fire which falls on parched shrubs (and) rears its crest; and the din of battle, terrible and furious, fell upon the people of the Doliones. Nor was the (king) (i.e. Cyzicus) able to escape his fate (and) return home to his bridal chamber and bed. But, as he turned to face him, Aeson's son (i.e. Jason) rushed at (him) and struck (him) in the middle of his breast, and the bone was shattered around the spear; and he rolled around in the sand and fulfilled his fate. For that fate no mortal can ever escape; for on every side a wide snare encompasses (us). So, when he thought that he had perhaps escaped bitter death at the hands of the chiefs, (fate) entangled (him) that very night in her toils while he was battling (with them); and many other helpers were slain: Heracles killed Telecles and Megabrontes; and Acastus slew Sphodris; and Peleus slew Zelus and Gephyrus, swift in war. Moreover, Telamon of the strong spear slew Basileus. And Idas slew Promeus, and Clytius (slew) Hyacinthus, and the two sons of Tyndareus (slew) Megalossaces and Phlogius. And after them the son of Oineus slew bold Itymoneus and Artaceus, leader of men; all of these the inhabitants still honour with the worship due to heroes. And the rest gave way and shrank back, just as doves give ground in droves to swift-winged hawks. And with a din they fell violently in a body to the gates; and the city was quickly filled with their (cries) at the outcome of the grievous battle. But at dawn they perceived their fatal and inexplicable error. And bitter grief seized hold of the Minyan heroes when they saw before (them) Cyzicus, son of Aeneus, having fallen in the dust and bloodshed. And for three whole days they lamented and tore their hair, themselves and the people of the Doliones alike. Then they spun three times around his tomb in bronze armour, (and) they buried (him) with due honour and performed funeral contests, as was meet, upon the meadow plain, where even now there still arises the mound (of his grave) to be seen by men of a later time. No, nor was his bride Cleite left behind her dead husband. But she brought about some ill even more dreadful, when she fastened a noose round her neck. But her death even the very nymphs of the grove bewailed; and of all the tears for her which they shed to earth from their eyes, the goddesses made a fountain which they call Cleite, the illustrious name of the hapless nymph. The most terrible (things that happened) to the Doliones women and men on that day came from Zeus; for not one of them dared to taste food, nor for a long time on account of their grief did they think of the toil of the corn-mill; but they went on with their lives, eating (their food) as it was, untouched by fire. Here even now, when the Ionians that dwell in Cyzicus pour their annual libations (for the dead), they always grind the meal (for the sacrificial cakes) in their place at the common mill.
Ll. 1078-1152.
After this, harsh whirlwinds arose for twelve days and nights together, and kept them from sailing there. But during the next night the rest of the chieftains, overcome by sleep, were lying at rest during the last watch (of the night); but Acastus and Mopsus, the son of Ampyceus, kept guard over those slumbering. And above the golden head of Aeson's son (i.e. Jason) there hovered a halcyon (i.e. a king-fisher), prophesying with a shrill voice the cessation of the stormy winds; and Mopsus heard (and) understood the voice of the bird on the shore fraught with good omen. And some god made it turn away again, and it flew aloft and settled on top of the curved stern of the ship. And, as he lay wrapt in soft sheep skins, he woke him at once, and spoke (to him) thus: "Son of Aeson, you must go up into this temple on rugged Dindymum to propitiate the mother of all the blessed (gods) (i.e. Rhea) on her fair throne; and the stormy blasts will cease; for such was the voice I just heard from the halcyon (bird) of the sea, which, as it flew here and there above you in your slumber, told (me) round about everything. For by her (power) the winds and the sea, and all the earth below, and the snowy seat of Olympus, have been completed. And to her, when from the mountains she ascends the mighty heaven, Zeus himself, the son of Cronos, gives precedence. And likewise the rest of the blessed immortal (ones) give honour to the dread goddess."
So he (i.e. Mopsus) spoke; and listening to his words was welcome to him (i.e. Jason). And he rose from his bed with joy; and he hurriedly awoke all his comrades, and, after they had been roused, he told them the prophecy of Mopsus, son of Ampycus. And the younger (men) quickly drove the oxen from their stalls, and led (them) from there to the lofty summit of the mountain. And the (others) loosed the ropes from the sacred rock (and) rowed to the Thracian harbour; and they themselves climbed up (it), leaving a few of their comrades in the ship. And to them the Macrian heights and all the opposite (coast) of Thrace appeared to be seen (almost) within their grasp; and there appeared the misty mouth of Bosphorus and the Mysian hills; and from the other side (there appeared) the stream of the river Aesepus and the city and Nepeian plain of Adrasteia. Now, there was a sturdy stock of vine growing in the forest, a tree of exceeding age; they cut it down so as to be the sacred wooden image of the mountain goddess; and Argus smoothed (it) in a decorous manner, and they set it upon that rugged hill, overhung by (a canopy of) lofty oaks, which of all (trees) have the deepest roots. And besides they heaped up a mound of gravel; and, putting oak-leaves around (their brows), they took care of sacrifice, invoking the most venerable mother of Dindymum, that dweller in Phrygia, and Titias and Cyllene too, who alone of many are called the guides of fate and assessors of the Idaean mother, (those) who are the Idaean Dactyls of Crete, to whom the nymph Anchiale once gave birth in the Dictaean grotto as she grasped the land of Oaxus with both (hands). And in his prayers did Aeson's son beseech her to turn aside the numerous stormy blasts as he poured (libations) on the blazing sacrifice; and, at the same time, at the command of Orpheus, the youths danced in full armour as they skipped about dancing, and they clashed their swords on their shields so that the ill-omened cry might be lost in the air, (that cry) which the people were still sending up in their concern for their king. Hence, from that time onwards, did the Phrygians propitiate Rhea with the wheel and the drum. And I believe the gracious goddess inclined her heart to pure sacrifices; and the rightful signs appeared. And the trees shed an unspeakably great amount of fruit, and around their feet the earth put forth of its own accord flowers from the tender grass. And the wild beasts left their dens and thickets, and came up (to them) wagging their tails. And she caused yet another marvel; for hitherto (there was) no flow of water on Dindymum; but for them an unceasing (stream of water) gushed forth from the thirsty peak just as it was; and the men who lived around there in after times called that stream of water the spring of Jason. And then they made a feast in honour of the goddess on the Mount of Bears, singing the praises of Rhea the most venerable; but at dawn the winds had ceased, and they left the island by rowing.
Ll. 1153-1206. Heracles breaks his oar.
Then, (a spirit of) strife stirred each man among the chieftains, as to who should be the last to cease (rowing). For all around (them) the calm air smoothed the (swirling) waves and lulled the sea to rest. And they, relying on the calmness, drove the ship forcefully onwards; and (as) she sped through the sea not even the storm-footed steeds of Poseidon would have overtaken (her). Still, when the sea was stirred by the violent blasts which were just rising from the river around evening (time), they were worn out and ceased (rowing); but Heracles by the strength of his arms pulled the weary (rowers) along with all speed, and caused the well-knit timbers of the ship to shake. But, when, in their eagerness to reach the mainland of the Mysians, they passed along in sight of the mouth of the Rhyndaeus and the great barrow of Aegaeon (i.e. also known as Briareus) a little way out from (the coast of) Phrygia, then, as he heaved up the furrows of the tumbling waves, he broke his oar in the middle. One (broken) piece he held in both his hands (as) he fell across sideways, and the other the sea washed away, bearing (it) on its receding (waves). And he sat up in silence, looking wistfully (at the broken oar); for his hands were unaccustomed to being still. And, when in the fields some gardener or ploughman goes gladly to his hut, longing for his evening meal, and there on the threshold he bows his weary knees all shrivelled with dust, and. beholding his hands, he reviles his belly with many a curse; then at that hour they reached the homes of the Cianian land near the Arganthonian mount and the mouth of the Cius. The Mysians, the inhabitants of that land, welcomed them hospitably, as they came in friendliness, and gave them in their need provisions, and sheep and abundant wine. There and then, some brought dried wood and others leaves from the fields for beds, which they had gathered in abundance for strewing; and others were twirling (sticks) to make fire; others too were mixing wine in the bowl and preparing the feast, after sacrificing at night to Apollo Ecbasius (i.e. the God of Embarkation).
But the son of Zeus (i.e. Heracles), having duly enjoined on his comrades to prepare the feast, made his way into a wood, so that he might first fashion an oar to fit his hand. Then. roaming about, he found a pine-tree, not loaded with many branches nor greatly flourishing (with leaves). But it was like the shaft of a tall poplar; so great was it to look at, both in length and in thickness. And he swiftly laid on the ground his arrow-holding quiver together with his bows, and he took off his lion's skin. And he loosened the (pine-tree) from the ground with his bronze-tipped club, (and) relying on his strength he grasped its trunk at the bottom with both of his hands; and he pressed his broad shoulder against (it) with his feet widely apart; and clinging closely (to it) he raised (it) from the ground, deep-rooted though it was, together with clods of earth.
Ll. 1207-1256. Polyphemus has to tell Heracles of the disappearance of Hylas.
In the meantime, Hylas with a pitcher of bronze (in his hands, having gone) apart from the throng, was seeking the sacred flow of a fountain, so that he might come to draw water for the evening meal, but he had got all (things) quickly ready in due order for his (i.e. Heracles') return. For in such ways did he nurture him during his early childhood, when he took (him) away from the house of his father, the godlike Theiodamas, whom he piteously slew among the Dryopians, because he withstood (his request) for an ox for the plough. Now, Theiodamas was cleaving with the plough the soil of the fallow-land, (when he was) struck down with sorrow; then he (i.e. Heracles) bade him hand over the ploughing ox, although he did not want to. For he desired some pretext to go to war with the Dryopians to their detriment, since they were living there regardless of right. But these (things) would lead me far away from my song. And he quickly came to the spring which the neighbouring people living nearby call Pegae. And the dances of the nymphs were just now being held there; for it was the practice of all those nymphs who dwelt around that lovely headland ever to celebrate Artemis by night in songs. Those who held the mountain peaks and hollows marched in companies to watch the woods from afar, but one (of them), a water-nymph, was just rising from a fair-flowing stream; and she perceived the (boy) close at hand, rosily flushed with his beauty and sweet grace. For the full moon beaming down from the sky struck him. And Cypris' heart fluttered in her distress and she could scarcely gather up her spirits. But as soon as he (i.e. Hylas) dipped the pitcher in the stream, leaning aslant, and the brimming water rang out loudly as it was borne violently along against the sounding bronze, then at once she laid her left arm above on his neck, yearning to kiss his tender mouth; and she drew down his elbow with her right hand, and he fell into the midst of the eddy.
Alone of his comrades, the hero Polyphemus, son of Eilatus, as he went forward on the path, heard his cry, for he was awaiting mighty Heracles, whenever he should return. And he went rushing after (it) near Pegae, like some wild beast, whom the bleating of sheep has reached from afar, and, burning with hunger he follows, but he does not fall in with the flocks; for beforehand the shepherds themselves have penned (them) in the folds; but he groans and roars unspeakably until he is weary; so did the son of Eilatus groan loudly at that time, and he went to and fro round the spot crying out; and unhappy was his voice. Then, quickly drawing his great sword, he (i.e. Polyphemus) started in pursuit, lest he (i.e. Hylas) should either be the prey of wild beasts, or men should have lain in ambush for him, as he was (all) alone, and carried him (off), ready prey (that he was). There, as he brandished his bare sword in his hand, he met Heracles on the path; and at once he spoke of the wretched calamity, bearing down upon his heart with his breath.
Ll. 1257-1314. The Argonauts quarrel because they have unwittingly abandoned Heracles and Polyphemus.
"My poor friend, I shall be the first to bring you tidings of bitter woe. For Hylas has gone to the well and has not safely returned, But robbers have fallen upon him and carried (him) off, or wild beasts are attacking (him); and I have heard his cries."
Thus he (i.e. Polyphemus) spoke; and, when he (i.e. Heracles) heard him, sweat in abundance poured down from the sides of his forehead, and black blood boiled beneath his heart. And in his wrath he hurled the pine-tree to the ground and hurried along that path, on which his feet bore him along in his impetuosity. And as and when a bull stung by a gadfly rushes along leaving the meadows and the marsh-lands and takes no heed of herdsmen or herd, but presses on down the track, now without ceasing, and now standing still, and, raising his broad neck, he gives out a bellow, having been stung by that maddening gadfly. So now in his frenzy he would employ his swift knees together, and now again he would cease from toil, and shout from afar with his loud piercing cry. But straightway the morning star rose above the highest peaks, and down came the breeze; and quickly did Tiphys urge (them) to go aboard and take advantage of the wind. And they eagerly embarked forthwith; and they drew the ship's anchors aloft and pulled back the ropes. And the sails were humped up in the middle by the wind, and far from the coast were they joyfully borne beside the Posideian headland. But at the time when bright-eyed dawn shines down from heaven, rising from the east (as she does), and the pathways shine clearly and the dewy plains gleam with a bright light, then they were aware that they had unwittingly abandoned those (men) (i.e. Heracles and Polyphemus). And a fierce quarrel and an unspeakable uproar fell upon them, for they had gone (and) left behind (them) the bravest of their comrades. And the son of Aeson (i.e. Jason), bewildered by their hapless plight, said not a word, either good or bad; but there he sat in a heavy state of grief, eating out his heart; but wrath took hold of Telamon, and thus he spoke: "Sit there at your ease, just as you are, for it was fitting for you to leave Heracles behind; for this project has come from you, so that the glory of that (man) throughout Hellas should not overshadow you, if the gods should grant (us) a return to our homes. But what pleasure (is there) in words? For I will go quite apart from your comrades who have helped (you) to plan this treachery."
He (i.e. Telamon) spoke, and rushed at Tiphis, the son of Hagnias; and his eyes sparkled thus like flashes of raging fire. And then they would have gone back again to the land of the Mysians, forcing their way through deep sea and the unceasing blast of the wind, if the two sons of Thracian Boreas (i.e. Zethes and Calais), hard-hearted (as they were), had not held back the son of Aeacus (i.e. Telamon) with harsh words; then indeed hateful retribution came upon them thereafter at the hands of Heracles, because they hindered the search for him. For, when they were coming back from the games of the fallen Pelias, he slew (them) in sea-girt Tenos, and heaped the earth around them, and placed two slabs above (it), one of which a great marvel for men to behold, moves at the breath of the blustering north wind (i.e. the father of Zethes and Calais). These things were thus to be accomplished in after times. But Glaucus appeared to them from the depths of the sea, the very wise interpreter of divine Nereus; and raising aloft his shaggy head and chest from his waist below he stretched out his sturdy hand to the stern-post of the ship, and cried out to the eager (crewmen):
Ll. 1315-1362. After Glaucus' intervention Jason and Telamon settle their differences.
"Why, contrary to the advice of mighty Zeus, do you (so) earnestly desire to lead bold Heracles to the city of Aeetes? At Argos it is his fate to labour at, and complete, all twelve toils for presumptuous Eurystheus and to dwell with the immortals and to share their hearth, if he should bring to fulfilment a few more yet; therefore, let there be no earnest longing for that man. Likewise, it is destined for Polyphemus to found a far-famed city among the Mysians at the mouth of Cius, and to fill up (the measure of) his fate in the boundless land of the Chalybes. But a goddess-nymph through love has made Hylas her husband, on whose account (those two) strayed and were left behind."
He spoke, and wrapped himself in a swelling wave, as he dived into the depths; and round about him the dark water boiled, foaming in eddies, and washed the hollow vessel on through the sea. And the heroes rejoiced; and Telamon, the son of Aeacus, came eagerly to Jason, and, grasping his hand with (his own) hand, he embraced (him), and spoke (these words): "Son of Aeson, do not be at all angry with me, if in my folly I have erred in some way; for grief made me utter an arrogant and intolerable word, but let me cast my offence to the winds, as that we are kind to each other as before."
And the son of Aeson then addressed him (i.e. Telamon) with prudence: "O my friend, you certainly did insult me with an evil word, saying before all of them that I was the critic of a kindly man. But I will not foster bitter wrath, though in truth I was grieved before; for (it was) not on account of flocks of sheep, nor on account of possessions, that you were provoked into anger, but for the sake of a man, your comrade (i.e. Heracles). And I believe that you would fight for me against another (man), if such a thing should ever befall (me)."
So he spoke, and they sat down united as of old. So by the counsel of Zeus, one (of them), Polyphemus, son of Eilatus, was about to found and build a city among the Mysians bearing the name of the river; and the other (i.e. Heracles) (was about) to come back (and) toil at the labours of Eurystheus. And he threatened to lay waste the Mysian land nearby, unless they should discover for him the fate of Hylas, whether living or dead. And for him they sent pledges, picking out the noblest sons of the people, and they took oaths that they would never cease from their labour of search. Therefore, to this day the people of Cius still yet enquire for Hylas, the son of Theiodamas, and take care of well-built Trachis. For there did he (i.e. Heracles) settle the youths, whom they sent from there to be taken (as) pledges.
All day long and all night the wind, blowing boisterously, bore on the ship; but, when dawn arose, it did not even blow a little, and they took note of a promontory jutting out from a bay on the coast, very broad to behold, (and) by means of rowing they came in to land at sunrise.
